Job Openings and Labor Turnover: July 2025

Historical release narrative reproduced from the official public-domain source. Statistical tables, standard technical appendices, administrative material and attendance rosters are omitted; formatting is adapted for reading. Figures retain the release's historical context and may have been revised. Consult the linked source for the complete document.

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.2 million in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, both hires and total separations were unchanged at 5.3 million. Within separations, both quits (3.2 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.8 million) were unchanged.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations include all changes to the payroll during the entire month.

Job Openings

The number and rate of job openings were little changed at 7.2 million and 4.3 percent, respectively, in July. The number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance (-181,000); arts, entertainment, and recreation (-62,000); and mining and logging (-13,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires were unchanged at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, respectively. The number of hires increased in other services (+86,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In July, the number and rate of total separations were unchanged at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, respectively. Total separations were little changed in all industries. (See table 3.)

In July, the number and rate of quits were unchanged at 3.2 million and 2.0 percent, respectively. The number of quits increased in professional and business services (+197,000). Quits decreased in construction (-80,000) and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-49,000). (See table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges in July were unchanged at 1.8 million and 1.1 percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services (-130,000) but increased in federal government (+5,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations decreased to 272,000 (-63,000) in July. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In July, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees showed little or no change in job openings, hires, and separations rates. (See table 7.)

June 2025 Revisions

The number of job openings for June was revised down by 80,000 to 7.4 million, the number of hires was revised up by 63,000 to 5.3 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 281,000 to 5.3 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 67,000 to 3.2 million, and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 192,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)